ISO 12111:2011 pdf free download

07-01-2021 comment

ISO 12111:2011 pdf free download.Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Strain-controlled thermomechanical fatigue testing method.
ISO 12111 is apphcable to the TMF testing of uniaxially loaded metallic specimens under strain control. Specifications allow for any constant cyclic amplitude of mechanical stram and temperature with any constant cyclic mechanical strain ratio and any constant cyclic temperature-mechanical strain phasing.
NOTE A bst end sketcii of the most rnmon cyclic types is Shown e Annex A
The range of cycles considered corresponds to that whdi is generally considered as the low-cycle fatigue domaw that is. N  105.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of ISO 12111. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For xidated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendotents) applies.
1807500-1:2004, Metsitic mterials— Verification of static uniaxial testing machines— Part 1:
Tenadnpresw,ri testing machines — Verification and calibration of tire Force-measuring system
ISO 9513, Metaftic materials — Calibration of extenso meter systems used in imiaxial testing
ISO 12106, Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Axj&-str&n-cont,ofled method
ISO 23718, Metallic materials — Mechanical testing — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of ISO 12111. the terms and definitions given In ISO 23718 and ISO 12106 and the following apply
stress
F/A0. where F1 is the instantaneous force and A, Is the original cross-sectional area at room temperature
3.2
original gauge length
length on the specimen between exiensometer measurement points at room temperature and zero strain
NOTE TN definition avoids the coniplexity of a continually varywig gauge length due to thermal expansion and cactio
5 Apparatus
5.1 Testing machine
5.1.1 General
The tests shall be conducted on a lension-compression machine designed for smooth start-up with no backlash when passing Itwough zero force The machine shall be capable of controllwig strain and measuring force when applying the recommended wavelomi. It may be hydraulic or electromechanical.
The load frame shall have high lateral stiffness when the crosshead is in the operating position and accurate alignment (both parallelism and concentricity) between the load train support references.
The complete load train (including force transducer. pullrodslgrips, and specimen) shall also have high lateral stiffness to mmlmlze specimen bending.
5.1.2 Force measuring system
The forca measunng system, comprising force transducer, conditioner and readout This system shal meet the requirements of ISO 7500-I. Class I over the range of forces expected during the test series.
NOTE Class 1 requires that toice Ea errors shid not exceed 11 % of reading over the ierirwd range The force transducer shell be suitable for the forces applied during the test
The force transducer shall be temperature compensated and not have a zero drift or sensitivity variation greater than 0,002 % of full scale per one degree Celskis. During the test, it shall be maintained within Its temperature compensated range.
5.1.3 SpecImen gripping device
The gnppilg device shall transmit the cyclic forces to the specimen without backlash for the duration of the test. The geometric qualities of the device shal ensure correct alignment in order to meet the requirements specified ii 5.1.4.
NOTE It is good design practice to reduce the nunieer of mechanical Interlaces to a nwimium.
The gripping device shall ensure that the abgnment is reproducible over successive specimens
The gripping device materials shall be selected so as to ensure correct functioning across the range of test
condltions
5.1.4 Load train alignment
Load frame, including grips, shel be aligned using a specimen, with a geometry as similar as possible to that of the test specimen, instrumented with strain gauges. The permitted maximum bending strain due to the machine shall be no more than 50 rnicrosfraln at zero force or 5% of the applied axial mechanical strain, whichever is the greater. This shall be carried out at 12-month intervals and in the following events:
a) as part of the commissioning procedure of a ne*iy acquired testing machine;
b) after an accidental buckling of a specimen, unless it can be demonstrated that the alignment has not changed: and
c) if any adjustment has been made to the load train.
NOTE A relevant procedi,e Is given In VAMAS Report No. 42f 1:11.
5.2 Strain measuring system
The strain measuring system (optical, mechanical, etc.) including the extensomelar and its associated electronics shall conform to ISO 9513. Class 1.
For gauge lengths less than 15mm, a Class 0.5 system is recommended.
The strain shal be measured on the specimen using an axial extensometer.
The extensomejer shall be suitable for measunng demic strain over long periods during which there should be minm’ial drift, slippage or Instrument hysteresis. It shal measure axial extension direcdy ever the gauge length of the specimen.
The transducer section of the exiensonieter should be protected from thermal fluctuations that give flee to drift.
Given the transient nature of the lemperature in a TUF teal. it is recommended that the exiensometer is actively cooled, so that the ansducer section of the extensometer remains isothermal during the course 01 the test.
The kinematic design at contacting extensometry should be such that lateral or angular motions of the specimen contact zone do not cause the extensometer contact points or knife edges to slip.
The contact pressure and operating force of the extensome(er should be low enough to avoid damaging the specimen surface and giving rise to crack Initiation at the extensometer contact points or knife edges.
5.3 Heating system
The heating system shall be capable of applng the maximum heating and cooling rates required by the TMF test series.
To minimize radial temperature gradients with a direct Induction heating system, It Is advisable to select a generator with a sufficiently low frequency (tically ‘m the several hundred kHz range and lower). This wil help to minimize sk.n effects during heating.
During a test, the specimen temperature shall be measured using thermocouples, pyrometers. RTDs, or other such temperature-measurement devices.
For thermocouples, direct contact between the thermocouple and the specimen shall be achieved without causing incipient failure at the point of contact.
NOTE Coinmey used methods of ettactsnent are: reietance spot welding (outside the geuge length) and fl by bindIng or by pressing a iheathed thermocouple agerist the specimen suiface.
If the temperature within the gauge section is measured with an optical pyrometer, steps shall be taken dunng calibration to address possible variation In the speclmeri’s thermal emasivity over the duration of the test Potential solutions may Include two-colour pyrometers and pta-oxidizing the specimen surface.
5.4 InstrumentatIon for test monitoring
A computerized system capable of carrying out the task of collecting and processing force, extension. temperature, arid cycle count data digitally Is recommended, Sampling frequency of data points shal be sufficient to ensure correct definition of the hysteresis loop especially in the regions of reversals. Different data collection strategies wit affect the number of data points per loop needed, however, typically 200 points per loop are required.

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