ISO 16165:2020 download free.Ships and marine technology — Marine environment protection — Vocabulary relating to oil spill response.
1 Scope
ISO 16165 contains terms and definitions relating to oil spills and their control. This document provides standardized terminology relating to oil spill response, defined as the broad range of activities related to spill cleanup, including surveillance and assessment, containment, recovery, dispersant use, in situ burning, shoreline cleanup and disposal.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this documeni
3 Terms and definitions
In developing ISO 16165, an attempt was made to use existing definitions wherever possible. For example, comprehensive turmlnology is available on containment booms, performance of recovery skimmers and on bioremediation, as provided by the publications of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Committee P20. on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response. Other areas had less coverage by standards organizations and gaps were filled through a review of a variety of sources. In this document, whenever a published source serves as the primary basis for a definition. this source is indicated by an abbreviated code. The complete citations for these codes are provided in the Bibliography.
ISO and lEt maintain terniinological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
3.2 Oil classification
3.2.1
group I oil
non-persistent oil
petroleum-based oil that consists of hydrocarbon fractions, at least 50% of which distil at a temperature of 340°C and at least 95% of which distil at a temperature of 370°C
3.2.2
group II oil
perststcnt oil (3.2.6) with a specific gravity (3JJ..1) of less than 0,85
3.2.3
group lii oil
persistent oil (12.6) with a specific gravity (3.JJJ) equal to or greater than 0,85 and less than 0,95
3.2.4
group IV oil
persistent oil (12.6) with a specific gravity (3jJj) equal to or greater than 0,95 and less than 1,00
3.2.5
group V oil
persistent oil (3.2.6) with a specif Ic gravity (3JJj) greater than 1.00
3.2.6
persistent all
petroleum-based oil that does not meet the distillation criteria for a group I oil (ill)
3.3 Environmental conditions
3.3.1
air temperature
average or point temperature of the air measured at or near the ground or water surface (°C)
(SOURCE: ASTM P625-94(2017), 2.1.21
3.3.2
Current
average water speed and direction (ie. velocity) relative to a fixed reference point (m/s)
[SOURCE: ASTM P625-94(2017), 2.1-31
3.3-3
debris
solid or semisolid substance that could interfere with the operation of a spill control system
(SOURCE: ASTM P625-94(2017). 2.1.41
3-3.4
significant wave height
average height, measured crest to trough, of one-third highest waves, considering only short-period waves
Note ito entry: Short period waves are for a period less than Len seconds (s).
(SOURCE: ASTM P625.94(2017). 2.1.71
3-3.5
signhllcant wave period
average period of the one-third highest waves, measured in seconds as the elapsed time between crests of succeeding waves past a fixed point(s)
(SOURCE: ASTM P625-94(2017), 2,1.81
3.6.1.9
fence boom
boom (3,6.1.3) consisting of a selfsupporting or stiffened membrane supported by floating devices
3.6.1.10
lire resistant boom
boom (3,6.1.3) intended for containment of burning oil slicks (31.11)
3.6.1.11
inflatable boom
boom (36.1.3) that uses inflatable chambers, self- or manually-inflatable, as the floatatlon devices
3.6.1.12
shore sealing boom
boom (36.1.3) that, when grounded, seals against the shoreline
3.6.1.13
sorbent boom
boom (3.6.1.3) containing material or arranged in a form that has absorptive or adsorptive capabilities
Note ito entry: See 3.Z.L3 for definitions of sorbent. absorbent and adsorbent.
3.6. 1. 14
special purpose boom
boom (3.6.1.3) which differs in design and/or purpose from a curtain boom (3.6. 1.7),[ence boom (3.6.1.9), fire resistant boom (3.6.1.10), inflatable boom (3.6.1.11), shore sealing boom (3.6.1.12) or sorbent boom (161.13)
3.6.2 Other containment equipment terminology
3.6.2.1
bubble barrier
In-water barrIer (3.6.1.2) created by the use of compressed air delivered through a perforated air hose and/or pipe laid sub-surface to produce a controlled stream of air bubbles that rise and expand to form a subsurface air curtain
Note Ito entry: This produces a disturbed surface which combined with the air curtain contains and/or deflects the oil both on the surface and/or in the Water column.
3.6.3 EngineerIng terminology
3.6.3.1
buoyancy chamber
enclosed compartment of air or other buoyant material providing floatation for the boom (3.6.1.3)
3.6.3.2
gross buoyancy
weight of fresh water displaced by an entire boom section (3.6.1.4) when totally submerged
3.6.3.3
gross buoyancy to weight ratio
gross buoyancy (3.6.3.2) divided by boom (3.6.1.3) weight
3.6.3.4
operational draught
minimum vertical dcpth olthe boom (3.6.1.3) below the water-line in the working condition
3.6.3.5
operational freeboard
minimum vertical height of the boom (ift.1.3) above the water-line in the working condition
3.7 Recovery
3.7.1 EquIpment terminology
3.7.1.1
dedicated response equipment
spill response equipment dedicated to an area, port. facility or any other designated place or organisation
3.7.1.2
skimmer
mechanical device used to remove oil from the water surface
3.7.1.3
sorbent
insoluble material or mixture olmaterials used to recover fluids through the mechanisms of absorption or adsorption or both
3.7.1.3.1
absorbent
material that picks up and retains a liquid distributed throughout its molecular structure causing the solid to swell (50% or more) and that must be at least 70% insoluble in excess fluid
3.7.1.3.2
adsorbent
insoluble material that is coated by a liquid on its surface including pores and capillaries without the solid swelling more than 50% in excess liquid
3.7.1.4
vessel-of-opportunity
water craft which normally have duties other than spill response, but are put into service for response or surveillance (3,4,4) activities when required and as available
3.7.2 Skimmer performance terminology
3.7.2.1
derating factor
reduction factor, applied to nameplate recovery rates (3.723), to account for less than optimum pertormance due to less than ideal oil slick (i211) and environmental conditions
3.7.2.2
fluid recovery rate
volume of all fluids recovered by a skimmer (32J.Z) per unit time, in m3/h
3.7.2.3
nameplate recovery rate
maximum volume of fluid that can be recovered by a skimmer (311.2) per unit time, in m’/h. as stated by the manufacturer
3.7.2.4
oil recovery rate
ORR
volume of test fluid (oil or emulsion (1L3) recovered by a skimmer (31J.2) per unit time, in m3/h
3.7.3 Operational performance terminology
3.7.3.1
oil slick
oily fluid floating on the surface of the water
3.10.2.3
gravel
component of a sediment with a diameter greater than 2 mm to 63 mm
3.10.2.4
sand
component of a sediment with a diameter of 0,63 mm to 2 mm
3.10.2.5
silt
clay
component of a sediment with a diameter of less than 0,63 mm
Note Ito entry: See ISO 14688-1:2617,5.1.1.
3.10.3 Shore zones
3.10.3.1
foreshore zone
area below mean low tide
3.10.3.2
Intertidal zone
shoreline between the low tide mark and the high tide mark which is covered by water at some time during the tide cycle
Note ito entry: The size of the Intertidal zone varies with the tidal characteristics of a given region as well as the shoreline characteristics.
3.10.3.3
supratidal zone
area above the mean high tide that experiences wave activity occasionally
Note I to entry: Supratidal zone is also known as backshore zone.
[SOURCE: ASTM P1687-16,3.1.2.31
3.10.3.4
shoreline cleanup assessment technique
SCAT
systematic approach used to survey the area affected by a spill to provide rapid accurate geo•referenced documentation of shoreline oiling conditions
Note ito entry: This information can be used to develop real-time decisions and to expedite shoreline treatment planning and response operations.
[SOURCE: UK MCA 20071
3.10.3.5
special use habitat
area of critical concern due to the presence of marine mammals, birds or endangered species
Note ito entry: Its designation may be seasonal.
Note 2 to entry: Definitions of special habitat and conservation site terminology vary from country to country and region to region.
3.10.3.6
weathered oil
oil that has had an alteration of physical or chemical properties, or both, through a natural process such as evaporation, dissolution, oxidation, emulsification (i12) or biodegradation (3.104,2)
3.11.3
land fanning
controlled and usually regulated method of spreading a known amount of oil in a nominally uniform layer thickness into a designed land area for the purpose of biological decomposition
Note 1 to entry: The decomposition process can be accelerated by mixing the oil layer with the top few inches of soil, aerating the soil by occasional ploughing and adding fertilizers that include nitrogen and potassium to increase the oil decomposition rate.
3.11.4
landfill
disposal technique that uses excavated pits to contain the oil spill waste materials, where the waste is placed in the excavation, covered over and kit to degrade
3.11.5
open burning
process of burning materials without the aid of an incinerator (IILZ)
3.11.6
recycling
disposal method that uses oil spill waste materials in some manner other than originally intended
Note ito cntry Examples are road oiling and direct use as a fuel supplcmcnL
3.11.7
reprocessIng
reclaiming spilled oil from oil spiii waste material by a treatment technique that returns the oil into a product that can be used
Note ito entry Reprocessing is defined as recycling (31Lb) in Europe.
3.12 Spill management
3.12.1 ContIngency planning
3.12.1.1
area/regIon/national contingency plan
initial governmental organization structure and mode prepared and provided in anticipation in of an oil spiii and the actions to be taken during a response
3.12.1.2
contingency plan
plan of action prepared in anticipation alan oil spill and the actions to be taken during a response
Note i to entry: A contingency plan usually consists of guidelines developed for a specific facility or region to prepare br, and facilitate a rapid, effective and efficient cleanup operation In the event of an oil spill, and, simultaneously, to protect areas of biological. social and economic importance.
3.12.1.3
oil pollution Incident
occurrence or series of occurrences having the same origin, which results or may result in a discharge of oil and which poses or may pose a threat to the marine environment or to the coastline related interests of one or more areas and which requires emergency action or other immediate response
ISOURCE: OPRC 1990. Article 2(2)1
3.12.1.4
oil spill cooperative
organization in a given area (or the purpose of pooling equipment and/or training personnel to combat oil spills.