ISO 22516:2019 download free.Paints and varnishes Practical determination of non-volatile and volatile matter content during application.
Introduction
When applying coatings, the size or the size distribution of the generated drops is of great importance for the application result. By varying the application parameters, such as spraying energy and the rate of flow of the coating material as well as the technical properties such as solvent composition and rheological flow performance, the quality of the application result can be controlled. Also, climatic conditions during the application (e.g. temperature, relative humidity, and air falling speed) highly influence the result. By determining the non-volatile matter after application or after intermediate or final drying, it is possible to characterize the wet or dry application result and, consequently, to indirectly refer to the generated drop size distribution and the solvent emission during the application. By means of the calculated volatile matter, the sufficient intermediate drying of the respective coating is determined before applying an additional coating.
1 Scope
ISO 22516 specifies a test method for the determination of non-volatile matter of coatings directly after application or after intermediate or final drying. In practice, the determination of volatile matter is applied particularly in regard to water-thinnable coatings which are re-coated with an additional coating material.
Furthermore, the method can be used to compare the efficiency of different application and drying methods.
The content of non-volatile or volatile matter of a product after application is no absolute variable but depends on the application and drying conditions applied during the test. Consequently, applying this method gives only relative values and not the real values for the content of non-volatile matter, due to solvent retention, thermal decomposition and evaporation of low-molecular contents.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of ISO 22516. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (Including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1513. Paints and varnishes — Examination and preparation of test samples
ISO 1514, Paints and varnishes — Standard panels ftr testing
ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes — Terms and definitions
ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling
3.3
volatile matter
VM
loss by mass obtained by evaporation under specified conditions of test
3.4
volatile matter after defined process step
VM
loss by mass obtained after the application from the single process steps of examination under specified conditions of test
4 Principle
An aluminium Foil or a test panel in production or in laboratory spray booth is coated in accordance with the specified conditions. The coated aluminium foil or test panel is carefully folded down the centre and weighed after the process step of examination and then unfolded. Subsequently, the aluminium foil is dried in horizontal position in a laboratory drying box in accordance with the agreed drying conditions and weighed afterwards. The content of nori•volatIle or volatile matter Is calculated from the difference.
5 Apparatus and materials
Ordinary laboratory apparatus, together with the following:
5.1 Application device
Coating unit and, if necessary, conveying drier for the process step of examination.
5.2 Laboratory drying box, capable of maintaining the specified or agreed test temperature to ±2 °C (for temperatures up to 150 GC) or ±3.5 C (for temperatures above 150 DC and up to 200 SC). A laboratory drying box with technical ventilation shall be used.
WARNING — Due to explosion and fire control, careful handling is indispensable for products containing flammable volatile constituents.
5.3 Method A with aluminium loll
5.3.1 AlumInium foil, soft quality with a thickness of (30 ± 2) pm, cut to the format of 90mm x 130 mm or as agreed.
5.3.2 MagnetIc fixture frame to secure the foils on the object to be coated matching the measures of the foil piece (e.g. outside: 110 mm 150 mm, inside: 60 mm * 100 mm).
NOTE PVC/polyvinyl idene chloride coated ftxture frames have been found suitable.
5.3.3 Appropriate tape to secure the fixture frames on nan-magnetic substrate.
5.3.4 PrecIsion balance, weighing to 0,1 mg.
5.4 Method B with test panel
5.4.1 Test panel measuring approximately 200 mm x 100mm and of a thickness of 0,7 mm to 1.0mm and shall be prepared, coated, and dried/cured In accordance with ISO IS 14.
5.4.2 Appropriate tape to secure the test panel (if necessary).
5.4.3 PrecIsion balance, weighing to 1 mg.
6 Sampling
Take a representative sample of the product to be tested, as described in ISO 15528.
Examine samples of coating materials in accordance with Iso 1513 and prepare for further testing.
7 Procedure
7.1 General
The determination of non-volatile and volatile matter can be carried out directly on the coating object during the coating process in production or in the laboratory spray booth. Method A is appropriate for both coating locations, whereas method k should be restricted to the application in the laboratory spray booth. Only for the procedure of handling method A. a contamination of the recently applied coatings can be avoided.
7.2 Method A: Determination with aluminium foils
When carrying out in spray booth under laboratory conditions, carry out the determination in duplicate.
Weigh the aluminium foils, which have been marked on the back side with an appropriate felt tip pen (m0).
For the coating process on coating objects in production, attach the aluminium foils by means of fixture frames several times on specified spots, preferably on horizontally and vertically aligned plane areas.
When applying on non-magnetic materials, secure the fixture frame with the aluminium foil with appropriate tape — see Figure 1.
Afterwards, carry out the application In production or In the laboratory spray booth under the specified conditions.
Carefully fold the coated aluminium foils down the centre after the process step of examination and fold in the open sides to avoid further evaporation of solvents. Weigh the folded aluminium foils (m1,).
Unfold the aluminium foils after weighing. Subsequently, dry the aluminium foils in a laboratory drying box in accordance with the agreed drying conditions. In order to do so, roll up the foils loosely and, In a tin jar, dry upright. Cool down to room temperature in a dust-free environment.
Weigh the aluminium foils with the dried paint film (rn.1).
73 Method B: Determination with test panels
When carrying out in laboratory spray booth, carry out the determination in duplicate.
Weigh the test panels which have been marked on the back side with an appropriate felt tip pen (in0). Affix test panels on the coating rack as agreed. Afterwards, carry out the application in the spray booth under the specified conditions.
Weigh the coated test panels after the process step of examination (mJ,
Subsequently, dry the test panels in a horizontal position in a laboratory drying box in accordance with the agreed drying conditions. Cool down to room temperature in a dust-free environment. Weigh the test panels with the dried paint film (mT)
8 Evaluation
Calculate the content of non-volatile matter after the application and the defined process step (NV) as a mass fraction, in per cent, in accordance with Formula (1):
10 Test report
Thu test report shall contain at least the following information:
a) any details necessary to identify the tested product (manufacturer, product designation, batch number etc.):
b) a reference to this document (ISO 22516:2019);
c) the method applied;
d) a description of the coating device, the process steps, and process parameters;
e) the inforniatlcm on temperature, relative humidity, and air falling speed during coating;
f) the type and design of the laboratory drying box used;
g) the agreed drying conditions;
h) the test result (single values and mean value);
i) any deviation from the test methods specified;
j) any unusual features (anomalies) observed during the test;
k) the date of the test.