ISO TR 19733:2019 pdf free download.Nanotechnologies — Matrix of properties and measurement techniques for graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials.
Introduction
Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms with each atom bound to three neighbours in a honeycomb structureill. Since its discovery in 2004121, graphene has become one of the most attractive materials in application research and device industry due to its supreme material properties such as mechanical strength, stiffness and elasticity, high electrical and thermal conductivity, optical transparency, etc. It is expected that applications of graphene could replace many of current device development technology in flexible touch panel, organic light emitting diode (OLED), solar cell, supercapacitor, and electromagnetic shielding. To gain deeper understanding of the material properties and to find the ways of mass producing with fine quality, much research on graphene, and similarly on related two-dimensional (2D) materials is being done in universities, research institutes, and laboratories around the globe. However, to lead these revolutionary materials to full commercialization, it is essentially demanded that characterization and measurement techniques for important material properties need to be standardized and globally recognized. In ISO TR 19733, characterization and measurement techniques for particular properties of graphene and related 2D materials which need to be standardized are organized in a form of a matrix. The matrix could serve as an initial guide for developing the necessary international standards in characterization and measurements of graphene and related 2D materials.
1 Scope
ISO TR 19733 provides a matrix which links key properties of graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials to commercially available measurement techniques. The matrix includes measurement techniques to characterize chemical, physical, electrical, optical, thermal and mechanical properties of graphene and related 2D materials.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 80004-13, Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary — Part 13: Graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials
3.1.2
two-dimensional material ZD material
material. consistingof one or several layers with the atoms in each layer strongly bonded to neighbouring
atoms In the same layer, which has one dimension. its thickness. in the nanoscale or smaller, and the other two dimensions generally at larger scales
Note Ito entry: Th number otlayers when a two-dimensional material becomes a bulk material varies depending on both the material being measured and its properties. in the case of graphene layers, it is a two dimensional material up to 10 layers thick for electrical measurL’mentsllW. beyond which the electrical properties of the material are not distinct from those tar the bulk (also known as graphite).
Note 2 to entry: Interlayer bonding is distinct from and weaker than intralayer bonding
Note 310 entry: Each layer may contain more than one element.
Note 4 to entry: A two’dinwnsional material can be a nanoplate.
ISOIJRCE: lSO/TS 80004-13:2017.3.1.1.11
Note 5 to entry: The related 21) materials in ISO TR 19733 refer to the graphene -derived materials such as graphene oxide and reduced graphenc oxide and other 21) materials with a structure similar to that n(graphene showing promising properties including but not limited to monolayer and few-layer versions of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), molybdenum disuiphide (MoS2), tungsten diselenide (W5e2). silicenc and germanene and layered assemblies of mixtures of these materials.
3.1.3
graphene oxide
GO
chemically modified grapheme prepared by oxidation and exfoliation of graphite, causing extensive oxidative modification olihe basal plane
Note 1 to entry; Graphene oxide is a single-layer material with a high oxygen content, typically characterized by C/0 atomic ratios at approximately 2.0 dependIng on the method or synthesis.
ISOURCE: ISO/TS 80004.13:2017,3.1.2.131
3.1.4
reduced graphene oxide rGO
reduced oxygen content form of graphenc oxide
Note I to entry: This can be produced by chemical, thermal, microwave, photo-chemical photo thermal or mlcrobialfbacterlal methods or by exfoliating reduced graphite oxide.
Note 2 to entry: II graphene oxide was fully reduced then graphene would be the product, however in practice some oxygen containing functional groups will remain and not all sp3 bonds will return back to spl configuration. Different reducing agents will Lead to different carbon to oxygen ratios and different chemical compositions In reduced grapliene oxide.
Note 3 to entry: It can take the form of several morphological variations such as platelets and worm.like structures
LSOURCE; lSO/TS 80004-13:2017. 3.1.2.14)
4 Matrix of properties and measurement techniques for graphene and related
2D materials
Table 1 is a matrix that links the key properties of graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials to commercially available measurement techniques. The matrix includes measurement techniques to characterize chemical, physical, electrical, optical, thermal and mechanical properties of graphene and related 2D materials. There are many other techniques that are being used to study graphene and related 2D materials but here we include only those that are widely used and widely commercially available.
Some of techniques in the matrix may not be suitable to all forms of graphene and related 2D materials but can be applied only to a certain form, such as in sheets, powder, or dispersion. It is also possible to produce different measurement results using these techniques depending on the synthesizing methods of graphene and related 2D materials to be characterized, such as chemical vapour deposition (CVD), mechanical exfoliation, or others. The appropriate forms, synthesizing method and sample preparation of graphene or related 2D materials that each technique is applicable to will be specified in individual standards to be developed in future in accordance with ISO TR 19733.